What is a formal statement by a person executing an instrument to a notary confirming it was done as their free act and deed?

The correct choice is the acknowledgment. In the context of legal documents and instruments, an acknowledgment is a formal declaration made by a person before a notary public or another authorized official. This declaration indicates that the person who executed the document (for example, signed a deed or a legal agreement) is doing so voluntarily and understands the implications of their actions.

When a person acknowledges an instrument, they confirm that they signed it of their own free will, ensuring that the execution of the document is legitimate and that the signer is not being coerced. This process is crucial in creating valid legal documents, as it lends credibility and authenticity to the signatures involved.

The other options represent different types of formal statements but serve distinct purposes. A declaration generally refers to a statement made to assert or affirm facts; an affidavit is a sworn statement made under oath, often used as evidence in court; and verification typically entails confirming the accuracy of information stated in a document. While these terms are related to legal processes, they do not specifically capture the essence of a person affirming their free act and deed in the presence of a notary.